| 0 |
No other cause detected. Ruling out other causes: negative: cerebrospinal fluid, complete hemostasis, cerebral arterial imaging, family history of inherited disease, inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein), hematologic tests (platelet, leucocytes, and eosinophilic counts, hematocrit), specific tests according to the suspected disease (e.g. genetic test, retinal angiography for Susac syndrome) |
|
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No other cause detected. Ruling out other causes: negative: cerebrospinal fluid, complete hemostasis, cerebral arterial imaging, family history of inherited disease, inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein), hematologic tests (platelet, leucocytes, and eosinophilic counts, hematocrit), specific tests according to the suspected disease (e.g. genetic test, retinal angiography for Susac syndrome) |
| 1 |
Potentially causal. (1) dolichoectasia with complicated aneurysm, (2) polycythemia vera or thrombocytemia >800,000/mm3, (3) systemic lupus, (4) disseminated intravascular coagulation, (5) antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (including >100 GPL units or lupus anticoagulant), (6) Fabry's disease, (7) coexisting meningitis, (8) sickle cell disease, (9) ruptured intracranial aneurysm with or without vasospasm of the artery supplying the infarcted area, (10) severe hyperhomocysteinemia, (11) Horton's disease, (12) other cerebral inflammatory or infectious angiitis, (13) moyamoya disease, etc. |
|
|
Potentially causal. (1) dolichoectasia with complicated aneurysm, (2) polycythemia vera or thrombocytemia >800,000/mm3, (3) systemic lupus, (4) disseminated intravascular coagulation, (5) antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (including >100 GPL units or lupus anticoagulant), (6) Fabry's disease, (7) coexisting meningitis, (8) sickle cell disease, (9) ruptured intracranial aneurysm with or without vasospasm of the artery supplying the infarcted area, (10) severe hyperhomocysteinemia, (11) Horton's disease, (12) other cerebral inflammatory or infectious angiitis, (13) moyamoya disease, etc. |
| 2 |
Causal link is uncertain. (1) saccular aneurysm (with a suspicion of embolism from it), (2) coincidental migraine attack with neurological deficit lasting >60 min in patients with history of migraine aura |
|
|
Causal link is uncertain. (1) saccular aneurysm (with a suspicion of embolism from it), (2) coincidental migraine attack with neurological deficit lasting >60 min in patients with history of migraine aura |
| 3 |
Causal link is unlikely but the disease is present. (1) arteriovenous malformation, (2) thrombocythosis <800,000/mm3, (3) antiphospholipid antibody <100 GPL units, (4) homocysteinemia <40 ?mol/l, (5) malignoma with associated hypercoagulation (high D-dimer levels), deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and/or recent chemotherapy |
|
|
Causal link is unlikely but the disease is present. (1) arteriovenous malformation, (2) thrombocythosis <800,000/mm3, (3) antiphospholipid antibody <100 GPL units, (4) homocysteinemia <40 ?mol/l, (5) malignoma with associated hypercoagulation (high D-dimer levels), deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and/or recent chemotherapy |
| 9 |
Incomplete workup. Unable to reasonably exclude other causes based on best available diagnostic tests and stroke-specific history |
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Incomplete workup. Unable to reasonably exclude other causes based on best available diagnostic tests and stroke-specific history |